Proving tripping safety and immunity against malfunctions of the optical arc detection components of a novel electric fault arc protection system

Detecting and extinguishing electric arcs ultra-fast within some milliseconds, a novel modular protective device provides efficient personal protection against the hazards of an electric fault arc particularly in case of direct exposure due to opened LV installations during live working or working in the vicinity of live parts. It is part of the electric power equipment or can be used as mobile unit connected to the electric system before starting work. The paper is reporting on laboratory tests for proving the protective system tripping safety and immunity against malfunctions. Main focus is directed to the optical detection unit of the protective system. Based on an optimized design of the optical detectors unit the modular protective device is prepared for use in the practical work. A couple of test series were directed to evaluate the system response in case of different disturbing optical sources. Among others the system immunity was analyzed when fuses are withdrawn in LV distribution centers with fuses or in-line fuse switch-disconnectors. The switching arcs occurring in such cases may not trip the protection system

Die Brüder Grimm. Pioniere deutscher Sprachkultur des 21. Jahrhunderts

Die bekanntesten Märchenerzähler der Deutschen - und doch reicht die Wirkung der weltberühmten Brüder viel weiter: Tatsächlich zählen Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm zu den produktivsten Sprachforschern ihres Jahrhunderts. Sie kamen der Entstehung der germanischen Sprachen auf die Spur, und sie schufen mit dem »Deutschen Wörterbuch« das umfangreichste Nachschlagewerk zur deutschen Sprache überhaupt. Wissenschaft verstanden sie dabei als Dienst an der Gesellschaft: In all ihren Arbeiten war immer auch der Gedanke an Aufklärung, Sprachkultur und Volksbildung lebendig. Die Brüder Grimm - Pioniere deutscher Sprachkultur des 21. Jahrhunderts gibt einen aufschlussreichen Überblick über das Wirken der Grimms, vermittelt Einblicke in zwei außergewöhnliche Forscherleben und zeigt, wie ihre Ideen und Konzepte bis heute aktuell geblieben sind

„Denkt an die Arbeit der Brüder Grimm“ – Die Jugendbewegung und das Märchen

Lorenzen M. „Denkt an die Arbeit der Brüder Grimm“ – Die Jugendbewegung und das Märchen. In: Brinker-von der Heyde C, Ehrhardt H, Ewers H-H, eds. Märchen, Mythen und Moderne. 200 Jahre "Kinder- und Hausmärchen" der Brüder Grimm. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang; 2015: 813-824

Efficacy of introducing a checklist to reduce central venous line associated bloodstream infections in the ICU caring for adult patients

Abstract Background Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are a major source of sepsis in modern intensive care medicine. Some years ago bundle interventions have been introduced to reduce CLABSI. The use of checklists may be an additional tool to improve the effect of these bundles even in highly specialized institutions. In this study we investigate if the introduction of a checklist reduces the frequency of CLABSI. Methods During the study period from October 2011 to September 2012, we investigated the effect of implementing a checklist for the placement of central venous lines (CVL). Patients were allocated either to the checklist group or to the control group, roughly in a 1:2 ratio. The frequency of CLABSI was compared between the two groups. Results During the study period 4416 CVL were inserted; 1518 in the checklist group and 2898 in the control group. The use of the checklist during CVL placement resulted in a lower CLABSI frequency. The incidence in the checklist group was 3.8 per 1000 catheter days as compared to 5.9 per 1000 catheter days in the control group (IRR = 0.57; p = 0.001). The use of the checklist also reduced the frequency of catheter colonisation significantly, 36.3 per 1000 catheter days in the checklist group vs 21.2 per 1000 catheter days in the control group, respectively (IRR = 0.58; p < 0.001). Conclusion The introduction of a checklist to improve the adherence to hygiene standards while placement of central venous lines reduced the frequency of infections significantly

The Microbiome and Preterm Birth: A Change in Paradigm with Profound Implications for Pathophysiologic Concepts and Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Preterm birth poses a global challenge with a continuously increasing disease burden during the last decades. Advances in understanding the etiopathogenesis did not lead to a reduction of prematurely born infants so far. A balanced development of the host microbiome in early life is key for the maturation of the immune system and many other physiological functions. With the tremendous progress in new diagnostic possibilities, the contribution of microbiota changes to preterm birth and the acute and long-term sequelae of prematurity have come into the research focus. This review summarizes the latest advances in the understanding of microbiomes in the amniotic cavity and the female lower genital tract and how changes in microbiota structures contribute to preterm delivery. The exhibition of these highly vulnerable infants to the hostile environment in the neonatal intensive care unit necessarily entails the rapid colonization with a nonbalanced microbiome in a situation where the organism is still very prone and at an early stage of development. The global research efforts to decipher pathologic changes will pave the way to new pre- and postnatal therapeutic concepts

Trans-(3S,4S)-Disubstituted Pyrrolidines as Inhibitors of the Human Aspartyl Protease Renin. Part I: Prime Site exploration using an amino linker

Recently, we reported on the discovery of (3S,4S)-disubstituted pyrrolidines (e.g. 2) as inhibitors of the human aspartyl protease renin. In our effort to further expand the scope of this novel class of direct renin inhibitors, a new sub-series was designed in which the prime site substituents are linked to the pyrrolidine core by a (3S)-amino functional group. In particular, analogs bearing the corresponding sulfonamide spacer (50, 51 and 54a) demonstrated a pronounced increase in in vitro potency compared to compound 2

Trans-3,4-Disubstituted Pyrrolidines as Inhibitors of the Human Aspartyl Protease Renin. Part II: Ether and Carbamate Prime Site Derivatives

Inhibition of the aspartyl protease renin is considered as an efficient approach for treating hypertension. Lately, we described the discovery of a novel class of direct renin inhibitors which comprised a pyrrolidine scaffold (e.g. 2). Based on the X-ray structure of the lead compound 2 bound to renin we reckoned that optimization of binding interactions to the prime site could offer an opportunity to further expand the scope of this chemotype. Pyrrolidine-based inhibitors were synthesized in which the prime site moieties are linked to the pyrrolidine core through an oxygen atom, resulting in an ether or a carbamate linker subseries, respectively. Especially the carbamate derivatives showed a pronounced increase in in vitro potency compared to 2. Here we report the structure-activity relationship of both subclasses and demonstrate blood pressure lowering effects for an advanced prototype in a hypertensive double-transgenic rat model after oral dosing